The Ethical issues in Paediatric Wards Essay - 990 Words

Smith, a 5 years old boy, experienced a decrease in oxygen saturation and abdominal distension. Abdominal radiograph indicated free air in abdomen. When obtaining the consent for surgery, the parents refuse the use of blood or blood products, because both of them were Jehovah’s Witness. However, it is impossible for the baby to survive without blood transfusion during the surgery (Meadow et al., 2010). There are no absolute rights or wrongs to this case, which is based on a synthesis of other actual clinical scenarios. The aim of this essay is to explore the dilemmas between the ethical issues, the law and the wishes of the family and the effect of it. Ethics is a branch of philosophy concerned with the study of rational processes for†¦show more content†¦Health practitioners should respect of the individuals competence. Competence implies the parents level of understanding that allows them to weigh up the ethical issues posed by a clinical situation, assimilate these and reach a rational decision. Second, if the conflict cannot be solved by communication or discussion, the care provider need to seek solutions in law. Brody and Aronson (cited in Tabak Zvi 2008) argue that the patient has the fundamental right to quality medical care and the best treatment. A basic principle in law is that a minor cannot consent to medical treatment until he or she was of or above the age of 14 years old in New South Wales, 16 years old in South Australia or 18 years old in other states. As a result, the parents, or the legally pointed guardians of the child have the rights to make the decision for treatment (Janine William 2010). Australia Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008a) states that nurses should respect the culture, values, beliefs, personal wishes, and decisions of the patients and their families. Nevertheless, Zohar and Langham (cited in Tabak Zvi 2008) claim that parental consent to medical treatment negates patient autonomy. There has, sometimes, the conflict between parental auth ority and the child’s best interests. Where a parent or guardian refuses consent to use blood products in the emergency treatment of a child (less than 16 yearsShow MoreRelatedArticle Critique 11374 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This is critique of the article Supporting Families through Discharge from PICU to the Ward: the Development and Evaluation of a Discharge Information Brochure for Families by Sophie Linton, Chelsea Grant, and Juliet Pellegrini, published in Intensive and Critical Care Nursing (2008, vol. 24). 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Non Christians Present A Concern For The Christian Therapist

IV(2). Should the Fact that All were Either Atheists or Non-Christians Present a Concern for the Christian Therapist? B.F. Skinner’s theory of behaviorism claims that behavior is directed by environmental reinforcements, some natural and some intentionally applied. Skinner proposed three possible consequences of any behavior: reinforcements which are consequences which increase the likelihood of behavior (such as praise or food), punishments which tend to decrease behavior (such as a frown or a traffic ticket), and the lack of reinforcement or punishment which also tends to decrease behavior (such as no response to the punch line of a joke). He also holds that reinforcers can be learned (money becomes valuable because of it s†¦show more content†¦Both Christian and non-Christian parents alike have applied these principles in the rearing of their children time after time. Skinner’s skeptical view of God and religion aside, it is both safe and useful for Christian therapists to apply the operant conditioning component to their respective practices, as long as the distinct ion between Skinner and Christianity’s view of body, mind, and spirit is established up front. Here is a good example: â€Å"We refrain from hurting others not because we know how it feels to be hurt, but because hurting other members of the species reduces the chances that the species will survive, and when we have to hurt others, we ourselves have been hurt† -B.F. Skinner According to behaviorism, behavior is strictly motivated by the evasion of negative outcomes, the pursuit of positive outcomes, and of course, behavioral responses tend to die out in the absence of any consequence/ reinforcement, whether positive or negative. Our manipulation with various reinforcers shift behavior in either direction or extinguish it altogether. Life also has countless natural reinforcers, such as survival, that we all have come to know so well through experience. From a Christian standpoint, however, we have an even greater motivation, and this is to allow the Holy

Pericles and His Influence on Athens Free Essays

Ancient Greece had many ups and downs in its very long history. As a growing civilization, it earned numerous allies as well as enemies. One of these great enemies was the Persians. We will write a custom essay sample on Pericles and His Influence on Athens or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although the Persians were very powerful adversaries, the Greeks defeated them and at that point, the era of classical Greece began. The Delian league, which was created to unite all states and protect them from intruders, had turned into an empire. This empire was governed by Athens. As peace and harmony was restored in Greece, the city of Athens was about to experience it’s greatest epoch. A time filled with power and great social and political wealth. All of which was the product of a great man’s work. His name was Pericles. Pericles was born in the year 495 B. C. into a very noble family. He was the nephew of Cleisthenes who founded Athenian Democracy. Pericles lived his whole life in a political environment. When he became involved in Athenian affairs, he received a very good reputation. In 462 B. C. e began to dominate the politics in Athens as a key leader in the democratic movement. Not only was he a great orator, In the history of the ancient Greek civilization, there were many powerful and contributing men and women. Only one could be called the â€Å"Greatest Greek† and that man’s name is Pericles. Pericles was a wise and powerful leader of the city of Athens. He was a great supporter of the concept of democracy. Pericles gui ded Athens almost through the entire Peloponnesian War. Pericles promoted the arts and literature. This was a main reason Athens held the reputation of being the educational and cultural centre of the ancient Greek world. Pericles’ rule as a political leader in Athens is called the Golden Age of Pericles, and he was an eager supporter of democracy. He wanted all citizens of Athens to take an active part in politics, and he was the first to pay servants to the state. All Athenians chose members of the council, and Pericles restored and built many temples and structures, such as the Parthenon on the Acropolis, employing the poorest citizens. How to cite Pericles and His Influence on Athens, Essay examples